Ma`rif Aqli

In the contemporary era, exposing the limitations of Western philosophy in explaining the truth of human nature is essential. Utilizing the resources of Transcendent Philosophy (Ḥikmat al-Muta'āliyah) to critique anthropocentric discourses is particularly valuable. The modernist humanist outlook, exemplified by the Bahār Circle, positions humanity as the center of the universe, promoting a pluralistic concept of God and making divinity dependent on human interpretation. In contrast, the theory of Existential Concomitance, based on Ṣadr al-Muta'allihīn's principles, establishes God as the axis of existence, emphasizing the unity of existence (waḥdat al-wujūd) and gradation (tashkīk) in divine manifestations. This study analyzes the conflict between the Bahār Circle's anthropocentrism and Islamic philosophy's theo-centrism. It argues that the Bahār Circle's adherence to Western schools leads to serious epistemological, doctrinal, political, and social challenges, whereas Ṣadr al-Muta'allihīn's theory demonstrates complete coherence with religious foundations and the objectives of the Islamic Revolution. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article examines both perspectives and their implications.