معارف عقلی

Usually, what is said and understood in ethics books about human virtues is exclusive to moral virtues in the sense of habits and sensual properties in doing good deeds. Plato proposed the four virtues of wisdom, courage, self-control and justice in connection with the three powers of the human soul, i.e. reason, anger and desire, and Muslim philosophers after Farabi, considered the mentioned virtues as the virtues of the mother and after examining these virtues and other virtues are discussed under them and related to them. Aristotle and Farabi do not agree with this statement and believe that human virtues are divided into moral and intellectual virtues, and the second are divided into theoretical virtues and practical virtues, and practical virtues are divided into two types: phronesis and technique. The existence of moral virtues is also done by guiding intellectual virtues. In this article, an attempt is made to explain Aristotle's and Farabi's views on human virtues, and thus to provide the basis for completing the discussions of practical philosophy on human virtues and the relationship between these virtues.